RNAi INFORMATIONWHAT IS RNAi?
RNAi stands for RiboNucleic Acid interference (see Figure 1). To understand this, you need to know that DNA is translated into the messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA contains the code for a string of amino acids which will make a protein. This mRNA can be interfered with if another RNA binds to it. Once this binding occurs, both RNAs get degraded and no protein is made. This is a method used to silence genes in many organisms and allows scientists to study the activity of a gene product. For more information on RNAi, see this site, created by the journal Nature Reviews: Genetics [1]. Organisms with RNAi or knockout studies: Caenorhabditis elegans MCM6 in C. elegans is on chromosome III (reference: ZK632.1). There are three RNAi studies in the worm phenobank for MCM6, and a total of five studies discussed. When RNAi was performed in these studies with different small RNAs on the MCM6 RNA transcript, various phenotypes were observed, including lethality as an embryo, delayed oocyte budding with mild multinucleation, defects in sister chromatin separation, and defects in chromosome separation. See Figure 2, on the far right, for a diagram of the defects and their intensity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM6 (reference: YGL201C) is on chromosome VII. There have been numerous studies done on the effects of changing the expression of MCM6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). I did not come across any RNAi studies but I did find a study where the researchers deleted the MCM6 gene from start to stop codon, a more effective method of ensuring there is none of the gene present. In this study, the cells were inviable, showing how essential MCM6 is to cellular function [3]. I did not find RNAi information for Dictyostelium discoideum, Mus musculus, and Danio rerio. ANALYSIS These phenotypes make sense because they are in accord with MCM6's gene ontology in humans. |
Image 2: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Figure 2: Defect Map, Phenobank; shows the range of the defect in C. elegans [2].
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REFERENCES
[1] "RNA Interference." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013.
[2] Sönnichsen, B., Koski, L., Walsh, A., Marschall, P., Neumann, B., Brehm, M., Alleaume, A., Artelt, J., Bettencourt, P., Cassin, E., Hewitson, M., Holz, C., Khan, M., Lazik, S., Martin, C., Nitzsche, B., Ruer, M., Stamford, J., Winzi, M., Heinkel, R., Roder, M., Finell, J., Hantsch, H., Jones, S., Jones, M., Piano, F., Gunsalus, K., Oegema, K., Gönczy, P., Coulson, A., Hyman, A.A. and C.J. Echeverri. (2005). Full-genome RNAi profiling of early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 434, 462-469.
[3] Giaever, Guri, Angela M. Chu, Li Ni, Carla Connelly, Linda Riles, Steeve Véronneau, Sally Dow, Ankuta Lucau-Danila, Keith Anderson, Bruno André, Adam P. Arkin, Anna Astromoff, Mohamed El Bakkoury, Rhonda Bangham, Rocio Benito, Sophie Brachat, Stefano Campanaro, Matt Curtiss, Karen Davis, Adam Deutschbauer, Karl-Dieter Entian, Patrick Flaherty, Francoise Foury, David J. Garfinkel, Mark Gerstein, Deanna Gotte, Ulrich Güldener, Johannes H. Hegemann, Svenja Hempel, Zelek Herman, Daniel F. Jaramillo, Diane E. Kelly, Steven L. Kelly, Peter Kötter, Darlene LaBonte, David C. Lamb, Ning Lan, Hong Liang, Hong Liao, Lucy Liu, Chuanyun Luo, Marc Lussier, Rong Mao, Patrice Menard, Siew Loon Ooi, Jose L. Revuelta, Christopher J. Roberts, Matthias Rose, Petra Ross-Macdonald, Bart Scherens, Greg Schimmack, Brenda Shafer, Daniel D. Shoemaker, Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo, Reginald K. Storms, Jeffrey N. Strathern, Giorgio Valle, Marleen Voet, Guido Volckaert, Ching-yun Wang, Teresa R. Ward, Julie Wilhelmy, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, Yonghong Yang, Grace Yen, Elaine Youngman, Kexin Yu, Howard Bussey, Jef D. Boeke, Michael Snyder, Peter Philippsen, Ronald W. Davis, and Mark Johnston. "Functional Profiling of the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Genome." Nature 418.6896 (2002): 387-91.Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group. Web. 24 Apr. 2013.
[1] "RNA Interference." Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2013.
[2] Sönnichsen, B., Koski, L., Walsh, A., Marschall, P., Neumann, B., Brehm, M., Alleaume, A., Artelt, J., Bettencourt, P., Cassin, E., Hewitson, M., Holz, C., Khan, M., Lazik, S., Martin, C., Nitzsche, B., Ruer, M., Stamford, J., Winzi, M., Heinkel, R., Roder, M., Finell, J., Hantsch, H., Jones, S., Jones, M., Piano, F., Gunsalus, K., Oegema, K., Gönczy, P., Coulson, A., Hyman, A.A. and C.J. Echeverri. (2005). Full-genome RNAi profiling of early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 434, 462-469.
[3] Giaever, Guri, Angela M. Chu, Li Ni, Carla Connelly, Linda Riles, Steeve Véronneau, Sally Dow, Ankuta Lucau-Danila, Keith Anderson, Bruno André, Adam P. Arkin, Anna Astromoff, Mohamed El Bakkoury, Rhonda Bangham, Rocio Benito, Sophie Brachat, Stefano Campanaro, Matt Curtiss, Karen Davis, Adam Deutschbauer, Karl-Dieter Entian, Patrick Flaherty, Francoise Foury, David J. Garfinkel, Mark Gerstein, Deanna Gotte, Ulrich Güldener, Johannes H. Hegemann, Svenja Hempel, Zelek Herman, Daniel F. Jaramillo, Diane E. Kelly, Steven L. Kelly, Peter Kötter, Darlene LaBonte, David C. Lamb, Ning Lan, Hong Liang, Hong Liao, Lucy Liu, Chuanyun Luo, Marc Lussier, Rong Mao, Patrice Menard, Siew Loon Ooi, Jose L. Revuelta, Christopher J. Roberts, Matthias Rose, Petra Ross-Macdonald, Bart Scherens, Greg Schimmack, Brenda Shafer, Daniel D. Shoemaker, Sharon Sookhai-Mahadeo, Reginald K. Storms, Jeffrey N. Strathern, Giorgio Valle, Marleen Voet, Guido Volckaert, Ching-yun Wang, Teresa R. Ward, Julie Wilhelmy, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, Yonghong Yang, Grace Yen, Elaine Youngman, Kexin Yu, Howard Bussey, Jef D. Boeke, Michael Snyder, Peter Philippsen, Ronald W. Davis, and Mark Johnston. "Functional Profiling of the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Genome." Nature 418.6896 (2002): 387-91.Nature.com. Nature Publishing Group. Web. 24 Apr. 2013.
Page created by: Renae Geier, undergraduate student in genetics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison ([email protected])
Page last updated: 8/26/2013
Page last updated: 8/26/2013
